In English and Welsh society
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Master was used in England for men of some rank, especially "free masters" of a trade guild and by any manual worker or servant employee to his employer (his master), but also generally by those lower in status to gentlemen, priests or scholars. In the Elizabethan period it is used between equals, especially to a group ("My masters"), mainly by urban artisans and tradespeople. It was later extended to all respectable men and was the forerunner of Mister, which is derived from it.
After its replacement in common speech by Mister, Master was retained as an address for boys or young men. By the late 19th Century, etiquette dictated that men be addressed as Mister, boys under 13 years old be addressed as Master, and from 15 to the age of maturity males not be accorded courtesy titles. However, in more recent times it is not uncommon for secondary school boys (and sometimes older primary school boys, but not, typically, younger) to be addressed as Mister, though some etiquette writers hold that the title Mr should not be used until the boy has left school. The title Master is much less frequently used in spoken language than formerly.
However, Master is still used as the written form of address for boys of some undefined age, often regarded as under 13 in formal correspondence, particularly invitations to formal affairs.
Master is used sometimes to describe the male head of a large estate or household who often employs many domestic workers.
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